RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 The Pension Crisis Revealed JF The Journal of Investing FD Institutional Investor Journals SP 43 OP 48 DO 10.3905/joi.2003.319553 VO 12 IS 3 A1 Ronald J. Ryan A1 Frank J. Fabozzi YR 2003 UL https://pm-research.com/content/12/3/43.abstract AB America is facing a pension crisis that threatens the solvency of our American corporations, cities, and states, and even the federal government. Much of it appears to be the result of poor equity performance for defined-benefit pension plans in the calendar years 2000 through 2002. The authors argue that the true cause of this crisis lies in the actuarial practices and accounting rules that apply to defined-benefit pension plans.