RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Payoffs to Social and Environmental Performance JF The Journal of Investing FD Institutional Investor Journals SP 48 OP 52 DO 10.3905/joi.2005.580548 VO 14 IS 3 A1 Marc Orlitzky YR 2005 UL https://pm-research.com/content/14/3/48.abstract AB More and more managers believe socially and environmentally responsible organizational actions pay off financially. Many academic researchers do not share this belief. They tend to assume corporate social responsibility must be considered a cost factor, because it has no counterbalancing positive impact on employees, investors, customers, and many other stakeholders. This article summarizes the empirical evidence accumulated to date and concludes which side seems to be right.