PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Marc Orlitzky TI - Payoffs to Social and Environmental Performance AID - 10.3905/joi.2005.580548 DP - 2005 Aug 31 TA - The Journal of Investing PG - 48--52 VI - 14 IP - 3 4099 - https://pm-research.com/content/14/3/48.short 4100 - https://pm-research.com/content/14/3/48.full AB - More and more managers believe socially and environmentally responsible organizational actions pay off financially. Many academic researchers do not share this belief. They tend to assume corporate social responsibility must be considered a cost factor, because it has no counterbalancing positive impact on employees, investors, customers, and many other stakeholders. This article summarizes the empirical evidence accumulated to date and concludes which side seems to be right.