TY - JOUR T1 - Payoffs to Social and Environmental Performance JF - The Journal of Investing SP - 48 LP - 52 DO - 10.3905/joi.2005.580548 VL - 14 IS - 3 AU - Marc Orlitzky Y1 - 2005/08/31 UR - https://pm-research.com/content/14/3/48.abstract N2 - More and more managers believe socially and environmentally responsible organizational actions pay off financially. Many academic researchers do not share this belief. They tend to assume corporate social responsibility must be considered a cost factor, because it has no counterbalancing positive impact on employees, investors, customers, and many other stakeholders. This article summarizes the empirical evidence accumulated to date and concludes which side seems to be right. ER -